首先,我们先看一下什么叫雅思阅读中的“单选题”:
A recent survey found that in British secondary schools
A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.
B there was less bullying than in primary schools.
C cases of persistent bullying were very common.
D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
雅思阅读单选题的题干一般是一个句子的前半部分,选项是题干所给半句的后半部分(如下题)。题干和正确的选项可以构成一个完整的句子,这个句子是对原文相应句子的替换,因此单选题实际上要求同学们做句子的配对,显然,长难句理解是单选题考察的重点。而很多同学并不能很好地理解句子,因此会觉得选择题难度比较大。
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正确的思维过程做选择题的步骤是:
1. 读题、明确定位词。在读题的时候,同学们只需要去看题干,用题干所给信息进行定位。如下题:
【例题1】
A recent survey found that in British secondary schools
A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.
B there was less bullying than in primary schools.
C cases of persistent bullying were very common.
D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
【分析】
题干问“最近的一个研究发现英国的中学怎么样了”,在题干中提到了具化的概念“英国的中学 ”,所以这就是我们用来定位的词,回到原文看哪个词或词组表达出了“英国中学”这个概念。(注意:不要用“原词”定位,要用“含义”,因此词可能会被替换,哪怕是名词)
tips
注意:
1. 选择题的题干往往是一些普通词,因此在读题时必须要了解题干所表达的“事情”或“含义”;2.读题时不需要看选项,因为有三个干扰项,所以看选项基本是往枪口上撞,很有可能影响原文的理解。
2. 定位并理解。带着我们对“题干信息”的理解定位到原文,并对原文的定位词对应点所在的句子进行仔细阅读并且理解,必要的时候需要看前后的句子。
Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal - being taunted or called hurtful names - to the physical - being kicked or shoved - as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.
【分析】
通过阅读原文,我们看得出在文章中第一句告知读者“欺负有很多形式及其具体的形式”,第二句告知读者作者跟Irene进行的英国小学的研究,这些句子中都没有出现“英国的中学”的表达,因此快速扫过,不用进行精确理解。但是到了第三句话,出现了secondary school,是我们要找的“中学”的概念,所以对这句话进行精读理解:在英国有着较少的欺负,有着1/25是持续的欺负,但是中学生是特别具有反抗性的。并且思考:less是跟谁的对比?本句话并没有than,说明是跟前一句的“小学情况”在作对比——英国中学的欺负比小学少。
3.选择答案。带着我们对原文的理解,从四个选项中选择与原文表达一致的选项,或者排除干扰项。与原文表达一致的选项即是TRUE,干扰项一般是与原文表达矛盾(FALSE)或者在原文中没有出现(NOT GIVEN)。有同学可能会觉得很难——做一道选择题相当于做了四道判断题咯?要注意,选择题只需要选出TRUE来,那些FALSE和NOT GIVEN是统统不选的。因此于同学们而言,选择题的选项大概就是TRUE和NOT TRUE两类,因此不用担心其太难。
【例题】
A recent survey found that in British secondary schools
A there was more bullying than had previously been the case.
B there was less bullying than in primary schools.
C cases of persistent bullying were very common.
D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.
【分析】
通过我们对上文的理解,我们得知在英国的中学,欺负的情况是比小学少的,第二个选项的表述与原文一致,答案选B。第一个选项说“与以前相比,有更多的欺负”,原文中并没有与以前相比较,所以是NOT GIVEN;第三个选项说“持续性的欺负是很常见的”,把本题当做判断题来看的话,定位部分是“cases of persistent bullying”,考察点是“very common”,然而原文中说“one in twenty five suffer persistent bullying”,只有1/25是持续性的欺负,与题目的very common矛盾,属于FALSE选项;最后一个选项说“间接欺负形式特别难于对付”,定位部分是“indirect forms of bullying”,考点部分是“particularly difficult to deal with”,原文中只是在第一句中提到了indirect forms of bullying,但是只是对其举例,并没有提到“是否难于对付”,属于NOT GIVEN。
最后的总结我们再来梳理一下做选择题的思维过程:
1.首先看题干,利用题干的所给信息(一般是普通的具化名词)定位;
2.定位到原文后,对定位词所在的句子精读并且理解;
3.带着理解到选项中选出与原文表达一致的选项,排除不一致的选项。
很多同学比较担心,如果这样做选择题,就相当于做了四个判断题,但是实际上没有那么难,因为判断题要求我们精确地分辨出FALSE和NOT GIVEN,但是选择题则不用,不论是F还是NG,我们都不选。所以选择题的选项只有两个,即TRUE和NOT TRUE。
另外,做题时大家一定要仔细分析每个选项,除了能知道正确答案的正确性之外,还要能知道为什么不选其他三个。
以上就是我们对选择题正确思维过程的说明。可以看得出来,思考过程并不难,但是选择题这种题型是一种难度比较大的题,有很多需要我们注意的内容。